Arendt And Freedman: Political Freedom

administrational emancipation is an ideal for both Arendt and Friedman. As governmental theorists they claim non precisely if definitions to belowstand what semi policy-making liberty is for them, nonwithstanding what unavoidable conditions must experience in order for their ideal to be vitalized. Arendt explains policy-making acquitdom as the right hand to be a participator in government. She implies that this delegacy more than than voting for a representative or having the fortune to run for office. Arendt inspires that political bountifuldom requires equal participation on behalf of whole citizens and the involvement in politics is the most important part of an separates feeling.Friedman states that political escapeddom is the absence of compulsion with the necessary precondition of stinting exemption. Arendt and Friedman exact diametric sympathizeings of what political exemption is, yet deep down their differences argon akinities. Understandi ng what Arendt does not view as political freedom is essential in understanding what is political freedom because it helps in planting the necessary means snarly in obtaining political freedom. should be no resolve for us to mis rejoinder civilized rights for political freedom, or to equate these preliminaries of train government with the very substance of a free republic. (Arendt P220)Arendt has established civil rights as something other than political freedom. Civil rights apply to liberation and not political freedom because civil rights do not necessarily clutch the figurehead of freedom. Civil rights can be granted to a universe of discourse under the rule of a tyrant in the clear of a law, just now when the population is not part of the formation of such(prenominal)(prenominal) a law then political freedom does not exist. According to Arendt, the presence of poverty does not permit the presence of political freedom.If individuals are agonistic to focus their eff orts to fulfill biological needs such as food for thought and shelter then they cannot possibly be political. Capitalism also prevents the organism of Arendts political freedom because capitalism is based on consumption. When the members of fiat are focused on obtaining goods and material possessions they become just as preoccupied as those in poverty. So capitalism creates greed and creates spare needs and desires that inhibit political freedom. Political freedom requires an absence of as many social conditions as it does a presence of other conditions.Political freedom, as disputeed in The Revolutionary Tradition and Its Lost Treasure, obliges the presence of a population who thinks in terms of we rather than I. When everyone in a ordering acts for a better community and thinks in terms of the community, they will be able to exist politically free. When the focus of the individual shifts from the close interests created under capitalism to a public interest necessary for p olitical freedom, more will be done to benefit edict as a whole as opposed to individuals in a private realm. schooling to escape the private realm and understand that of the public means to understand the possibility of a greater good found in pop off together rather than many separate smaller goods held by only certain individuals. When there are individuals with separate smaller goods there has to be individuals with their own separate failure and lack of essential good. Milton Friedman does not offer the same definition for political freedom, thus his means for obtaining political freedom are also separate from Arendts.Friedman takes that economicalal freedom must exist in order for political freedom to exist, and the means to true economic freedom is by the capitalist free market. Friedman writes, History suggests only that capitalism is a necessary condition for political freedom. (P10) The free market should take care of it self, be free from forced government preven tive, and thus establish an environment in which compulsion does not rule. Friedman believes that it is the causality instilled in majuscule D. C. that is responsible for the current coercion through their economic causality.The economic spot of the government is derived through the process of taxation, a process of coercing the citizens of the state to storehouse an organization against their will to do the jobs that capitalism, when left to its own devices, will achieve. Friedman suggests that government should focus on military effort, and not issues unrelated. He says This danger we cannot avoid. barely we needless(prenominal)ly intensify it by continuing the widespread governmental intervention in areas unrelated to the military defense of the nation and by look for new governmental programs from medical care for the aged to lunar exploration. Friedman P202)So Friedman believes that government intervention leads to the collapse of political freedom. He goes on to disc uss his fear of intervention. I believe that we shall be able to preserve and separate out freedom despite the size of the military programs and despite the economic powers already concentrated inWashington. But we shall be able to do so only if we awake to the threat that we face, only if we persuade our fellow men that free institutions offer a surer, if perhaps at times slower, route to the ends they examine than the coercive power of the state. Friedman P202)Political Freedom for Friedman is then merely the absence of government coercion and the presence of an economically free population that, through the free market, can really take care and supervise themselves. Friedman is relying on the same factors to create political freedom that Arendt watch outs as inhibiting freedom. That is, he sees a capitalist free market as the necessary means to in reality bring passel voluntarily together, not coercively. Friedman saysExchange can thence bring about co-ordination without c oercion.A bending model of a society organized through voluntary exchange is a free private opening exchange economy what we have been calling competitive capitalism. (Friedman P13)So Friedman is in reality advocating that capitalism is not as competitive as it appears, and that it actually requires citizens to work together and thus benefit each other through their actions. This is similar to what Arendt signifies as thinking in terms of we rather than I, yet it is the postulate ingredient that Arendt classifies as creating the I. It is peculiar that such contrasting opinions and explanation actually lead to the same ideal.Friedman and Arendt offer opposing means of obtaining political freedom, but there are similarities in what their means accomplish before the creation of political freedom. Both want a society in which individuals do something for each other, they work together for a greater good. The difference is that Arendt wants the cooperation to be based on politics while Friedman wants the cooperation based on free enterprise. Friedman wants less government involvement because he understands such involvement to be the basis of coercion. Friedman would rather have individuals voluntarily come together than be forced to come together.He sees political freedom as organism free from the control of the state, free to evolve independent of government influence, and free to decide how to evolve. Friedman wants the government to have limited power because free enterprise will thrive in the absence of government intervention. Economic freedom will be created in the free enterprise and political freedom is the result. Another similarity between Arendts and Friedmans differing views is the requirement of economic freedom. Although it is quite a major aspect for Friedman, Arendt does not focus directly on the topic.Arendt is just as much a supporter of economic freedom because she acknowledges that a state dealing with poverty and the fulfillment of basa l needs cannot deal with political freedom. Economic freedom is the absence of such struggles and the presence of a means to be politically free. The similarity through presence of economic freedom is divided by the role of government. For Friedman political freedom is the absence of coercion, namely governmental coercion, not the presence of a highly involved government that Arendt advocates.Arendts political freedom is not the absence of government, merely the absence of representative government. She sees the concern of private life being too dominate under a representative trunk because, the voter acts out of concern with his private life and well-being, and the residue of power he still holds in his hands resembles rather the reckless coercion with which a blackmailer forces his victim into obedience than the power that arises out of common action and joint deliberation. (Arendt P 273)She is saying that representation leads to the problem of coercion, and it is coercion that Friedman sees necessary is not existing in the existence of political freedom. Without a direct democracy at the basis of a highly involved government political freedom is impossible because there is too much corrupt behavior and focus on private interests when the majority elects a minority to make the decisions for the state. Arendt envisions a society in which all of its members evenly partake in the decision making of the government and they all work for the good of each other, not for a private good.Arendt establishes the aspects of life that have been private in the past as needing to be public in an effort to prevent corruption and maintain political freedom. Friedman does not advocate the same direct democracy that Arendt envisions. Instead, he expects the free market to essentially rule itself and take on the duties of Arendts government in the form of free enterprise. He sees the government as the cause of the coercion and presumes that the power should be taken out of the government.So this is an opposite response to Arendts view that the government should become larger, so large that all citizens are involved and have an equal say, thus preventing the possibility of coercion. Both Arendt and Friedman see coercion as preventing political freedom and both offer different means of ridding society of coercion. Political freedom is not an easily definable term. It is much like love, god, and friendship in that it has different meanings for different people at different times. Political freedom is about both the means of obtaining the ideal as well as the ideal itself.Friedman and Arendt present what they presume to be the means and the ends of political freedom, but neither is completely right or entirely wrong. It does not seem possible to create a set definition as to what political freedom is, much less what the appropriate means of obtaining political freedom are. It seems more important to pick up to distinguish certain common traits of what po litical freedom is rather than attempt to create a set definition. The common traits shared by Arendt and Friedman are that economic freedom and absence of coercion are necessary for political freedom.Political freedom, for both theorists, requires the action of a public community and not private individuals. They do not agree about the role of government, nor do they agree on the form government should take. Although it is important to distinguish what are and are not characteristics of political freedom, it is more important to understand that political freedom cannot be defined. Political freedom can be speculated about, but will not be truly comprehended until it is actualized. Only when political freedom exists will it be understood.

Formal and Informal Organisations Management

Introduction This essay is based on orchis and In evening gown presidencys and the details and difference in the midst of the two. Recommendations and conclusions ar as well bony based on the training presented. Formal and In positivist Organisations The complete concepts of sortal and sexual organisations argon regarded with the nature and processes in the manoeuverplace. A formal formation is the actual framework of the geological formation including its organizational chart and its chain of restraint which determines accountability.However, within the escaped organization, otherwise known as the grapevine in a note, is the familiar working relationships that are established in the business place and contributes signifi tummytly to work culture. (Reingold, 2007) The real purpose of an organizational chart is to effectively outline the expression of the formal organization. It shows who is accountable to whom, from the top instruction to middle care and front l ine employees. It also shows the horizontalrelationships of the diametric operable and operational divisions and de musical compositionment personnel.This chart consists of the functional framework and is important in the workplace to establish stability, clarity in work relationships and reporting standards between supervisors and subordinates. (Parker, 2002) Although top management in some businesses does not take into account, the actuality of informal organizations when trying to determine culture, it does have an essential influence on work dynamism. Workers interact with each other at different intervals and in different situations such as lunch, in the break room, and even after work.These encounters keep greatly influence the level of the sense of belongingness each employee experiences or feels in the working environment. If it is that these encounters are generally negative, the quality of work ethics and esprit de corps will be in truth poor. (Reingold, 2007) Understan ding the direct reporting relationships draw in the organizational chart is often less important than crafty the go-to people in the company. For ambitious employees, this whitethorn mean looking beyondimmediate coworkers and managers and determination helpful mentors and internal coaches that want to help them succeed.Information communication networks are also useful tools in learning how the company works just beyond what is conveyed from top management. It is important to note that when front line employees get prompted into management positions they often forget the significance in striking a remainder between the formal coordinate and informal networks within the business. Disciplined structure and clear reporting relationships are important. However, management also has a assign to gain by remembering that informal networks are real and is of untold use.Managers can maximize insight on how employees feel towards their jobs and how functional impairment are operating th rough familiar conversations. While formal relationships are key to accomplishing organizational and departmental goals and objectives they are sometimes restrictive to open interactions. (Parker M. , 2003) An example of a formal organization would be the Jamaica National structure Society which has clear concise goals written and duly communicated. It is a registered fiscal institution that provides service to the public in a very unionized and structured manner both in physical space and information management.An example of an informal organization would be a study group where interactions are familiar and there is no legal framework or organizational structure that governs the operations of the group. In businesses, employees are both part of the formal organization as well as the informal. A gross revenue clerk in a marketing company is part of the formal structure of the business and is given a job description and judicial admission but can also be part of an informal organ ization within the same business such as a retainer group.Recommendation Individuals in an organization normally work according to the structure prescribed by formality. However, at the same time, they develop other relationships in the organization, which may be deeply grounded on personal rather than work related to principles. Both formal and informal organisations exist in all businesses and can impact their operations in negative and positive ways. My preference and recommendations with regards to choosing between the two would be the formal organization as it has many advantages.It constitutes the fundamental structure of the delegation of work and responsibilities. Without a structure it would be very difficult for employees to agree between themselves and their roles and functions and such problems multiply in boastfully amounts with the increase in size of the organization. In addition to this, formal organisations stupefy clarity of what support and input each employee can expect form others and in turn what is expected of him/her by others. Extreme discipline is promoted in the business and so employees have respect for each other.In formal organisations it is easier to palingenesis and revise the organization with changing requirements. It provides a framework or structure for laying down pay scales and taking other decisions linked to organizational levels. It also helps in other human resources development activities such as recruitment, promotions, career planning and development and manpower planning. Conclusion Formal organisations are characterized by a chain of command and empowered individuals to enforce concur upon rules. Rotary clubs and boy scouts are examples of formal organisations.They both have a charter stating their place and function in society. On the other hand, an informal organization is one where the participants have no empowered central attracter who has the power to enforce rules on the group. References Parker, A. (2002). Myths about Informal Networks. Sloan Management appraise , 345-350. Parker, M. (2003). The Psychological Foundations of Business Administration. The Early Siciology of Management and Organisations , 216-235. Reingold, J. (2007). Hidden Workplace. Comments on organisation , 706-811.

Air Canada essay

Assignment Inter issue swap of Canadian companies Company information Name publicise Canada Products/Services offered As Canadas largest airline and the worlds tenth-largest passenger airline by number of destinations, it offers direct passenger service to more than 175 destinations on five different continents. Air Canada is an airline offering air conveying to diverse customers. Customers can pay premiums for first-class seats while another(prenominal)s whitethorn chose to travel as economy class. The companys primary lock again is to offer air travel while other revenues watercourse from commodity sales abord air crafts. Brief HistoryAir Canada originated from the Canadian federal governments 1936 creation of Trans-Canada Airlines, which inaugurated its first flight on September 1, 1937. By 1964, TCA had grown to become Canadas national airline it changed its name to Air Canada. The import of this is that the governments commissioning of the original company platformed its coming(prenominal) success. The airline was fully privatized in 1989 (made independent from the government). After an unofficial monopolisation of the companys extent, In 2001 Air Canada began meeting new rivals. ane example of a newer company that sprouted after this period was Canadian Airlines. solely in all because of the outreach of the companys operations on national and supranational levels, it became so strong that In 2006, 34 million pile flew with Air Canada as the airline celebrated its 70th anniversary. Size run revenues (Canadian dollars in millions) $ 12,120 Revenue per passenger miles (millions) (RPM) $ 55,646 Headquarters La Rondelle (The Puck in French) a 7 story building that serves as the corporate headquarters of Air Canada, located on the grounds of Montreal-Pierre Elliott Trudeau worldwide Airport and in Saint-Laurent,Montreal, near Dorval.The largest hub Toronto Pearson International Airport is operated by the Greater Toronto Airports Authority (GTAA) a s part of Transport Canadas National Airports System and is one of eight Canadian airports with facilities for United States border preclearance. Toronto Pearson directly employs 106,000 people, with an additional 80,000 people employed indirectly in the community, One of the largest private employers of the country.Subsidiaries of the company Air Canada Cargo, Air Canada Vacations, Air Canada Express, Air Canada Jetz, and Air Canada Rouge. Fleet The Air Canada fleet consists of 204 aircraft (as of December 2012). All aircraft are fitted with the new interiors, except three Boeing 767-300ERs. The new interior is a revamp of the cabin and has new installation of individual video displays in both Executive First and Economy classes. The majority of the widebody aircraft (B767, B777, A330) operates between Toronto, Montreal, Vancouver, and Calgary. Aircraft original Airbus A319-100 37 Airbus A320-200 41 Airbus A321-200 10 Airbus A330-300 8 Boeing 767-300ER 30 Boeing 777-200 LR 6 Boeing 777-300ER 12 Boeing 787-8 Embraer175 13 Embraer190 45 Number of in-craft employees Approximately 27,000 employees (over 6,800 flight attendants) Extent of International Business Air Canada provides scheduled passenger service directly to 59 Canadian cities, 55 destinations in the U. S and 64 cities in other international locations. In terms of facilities outside of Canada, Air canada operates in 119 places. In itself the company is a global organization.Air Canadas international strategy is helped by means of membership with Star Alliance as it strengthens market presence in Central America, Europe, the Middle East, Africa, and India. Air canada is attracting international revenues. Its extensive and expanding through its global network with its modern air fleet. Industry-leading on-board products and services, lounges and airport facilities are among the advantages that bring international success to Air Canada. Air Canada is Canadas largest domestic, U. S. transborder and international airline and the largest supplier of scheduled passenger services in the Canadian market, the Canada-U. S. transborder market and in the international market to and from Canada. Domestic, U. S. ransborder and international departures accounted for approximately 66%, 26% and 8%, respectively, of the 1,520 average daily departures in 2012. Air Canada also carried close to 35 million revenue passengers and provided passenger service to 178 direct destinations across its five continents. Statistics Taken (Bibliography) Air Canada Main, Air Canada Financial Report http//www. aircanada. com/en/about/acfamily/index. html Skies Magzine News http//skiesmag. com/news/articles/17097-air-canada-turns-75-with-a-nod-to-history. html CUPE National http//cupe. ca/air-canada/a4a280dbf06baf Statistics Canada http//www. statcan. gc. ca/tables-tableaux/sum-som/l01/cst01/trans01a-eng. htm

Discuss the major components of an academic essay,outlining the role that each component plays. Essay

An donnish essay is a systematic piece of committal to writing which has a recollective and cohesion meaning. Basically, an academic essay is mainly characterized by an introduction, the automobile trunk, the closedown and the reservoir as shall be discussed forth with. To begin with, an introduction as unhappy by McMillan and Weyers (2010 90) has to be the first contact that the cross-fileer realises with the author of the text. This, wherefore means it (the introduction) has to be well up organized and set free, that is, condensed and precise to the overthrow matter or the radical. In support, Cleary et al (2013 264) writes, The introduction is the official seize on of your essay and introduces your reader to the effect. Further more, Gamble and Gamble (2010 371) supports the idea of the introduction cosmos the first to impress the subject matter or points to be stressed.They neverthe little explain that, The functions of an introduction are to gain the attendan ce of the auditory sense members, to make them listen to the speech. Just like Gamble, Payne (2001) gives an emphasis on getting the attention of the auditory sense through introducing the subject. Payne (ibid) suggests that, the introduction has to bring about the national, that is, highlighting the audience or the reader about the subject or proceeds. In rise to power to that, Gamble (ibid) further shows that, in the introduction single of the ultimate goals to be built is rapport. This so, means creating or having a mutual relation of discretion with the audience. Cleary (2013 265) suggests that, an introduction has to explain the title as necessary defining term workd in the title and explains the purpose in writing the subject matter. This means, educating the audience or reader about the topic and thereby, give adapted information relating to the subject. In addition, McMillan (ibid) gives an emphasis on the importance of the introduction existence brief and, ther eby explaining of the topic context. Meaning the introduction has to be happen and making the topic universe clearly understood by everyone. Pritchard (2008) in any case highlights on the formulation of the relation amid the audiences so as to give the information effectively. More so, Payne (ibid), further outlines that the role of the introduction is to create focusting of the major ideas of the subject matter. Again, this creates the map of the rest of the piece of work or inscription or speech, giving directions and highlights of what is going to happen through the course of the writing. In support, McMillan (201089) suggests that, an introduction should have an explanation of how one isgoing to plan to continue the topic in a particular text-in effect statement on intent.Furthermore, Cleary (2013 265) suggests that, an introduction has to briefly state the structure of the essay by giving the main points. This thereby gives the reader a clear picture on the title, the p urpose of writing, the focus and the essay structure writes. Furthermore, an introduction should not be too difficult to understand. The use of simple language which is widely real gives credibility and the use of jargons it should not be utilize when introducing a topic. in that respect should not be any ambiguity when introducing a topic. After the introduction, an academic essay should have the body. This, as writes Payne (2001 416), Is the main portion of the speech. This therefore, means that the use of swell joints of sentences is widely encouraged. This part therefore put ups all the facts, evidence, critical analysis, treatment and a well built up side line of the composition or the topic. As a result, the main ideas or the gist of the topic are easily attainable efficiently. In addition to, McMillan et al indicates that, This prick (the body) lays out the work based on the approach which one has obdurate to adopt in organizing the content. This part of the essay ne eds to be dealt with expectant care, as organizing the information is crucial. Since the idea needs proper and crucial alignment, this therefore explains the importance of a good essay structure with a good planning of words and a coherent of good words in sentence construction.Clouse (2008) asserts that, the body consists of two major parts which are the topic sentence and the documentation details. The topic sentence has to present the main topic of the paragraph and announces the paragraphs main idea, giving a map. Also, the supporting details are the evidence details provided to demonstrate the truth about the topic sentence. In other words, the body has to explain the major points, generalizing, describing or exemplifying as part of the analysis (McMillan). In addition, these authors also tinct on hold oning the body part as concise and clear as possible this thereby means the body has to have less ambiguity in it. CEES (ed.) applauds that the body part of an academic essay writing has to serve the purpose of giving evidence, examples, references which relates to the topic sentence. This as a result, gives the audience a clear and a well defined picture of what is being meant by the topic sentence in play. In addition, CEES ibid points out that, the body presents the topic sentence or the central idea supporting the dissertationstatement or line of argument. In line with Cleary (2013 135-136), paragraphs should be well constructed and of meaning and this is when sentences are arranged in such a style that they link to one another giving clarity to the reader. Such gluiness can be achieved by arranging the sentences in the sequence that go forth best communicate the message to the reader through the inclusion of mark words or signals which guides the reader. Also, a smooth flow of ideas makes the essay such(prenominal) more interesting, that is, cohesive meaning of the thoughts or ideas pertaining to the topic being discussed. Again, this uses tran sitions between paragraphs in order to ensure a perfect flow of ideas. However, the terminal in an essay serves the purpose of summarizing the presentation. More so, McMillan (91) defines a destruction as a summary of the whole piece of work.Therefore, a good terminus has to present and clarify what has been discussed, evaluated, analyzed, and stated in the master piece (the body) caller of the essay. Furthermore, Redman (2006) gives an emphasis that, proper destructions has to revisit the key points or the main points of ones argument, summarizing the key debates raised and try to fuse them. Therefore, the finish should provide a condensed version of the essays core argument, and restating the writers position in essay. Also, Cleary ibid purports that, in the conclusion, ideas not mentioned before should not be introduced as this thereby changes the focus of the conclusion. Payne ibid (2001 424), indicates that, Conclusion is the summarizing of the major ideas. One does not h ave to review everything said in the speech, but a short piece reminds the audience of what is important. The conclusion has to serve the purpose of clarifying the issues or ideas one has just discussed. In addition to that, Cleary ibid says, The component of a conclusion is to serve as a summary of the main points, usually referring to the dissertation statement. Besides serving as a summary, a good conclusion should be used to heighten the impact of the presentation writes Gamble (2010 374).The conclusion must be a synthetic summary which therefore provides a platform of mutual understanding. Furthermore, it must grace the piece of work in such a manner that the major audience notes the major points or ideas of the summary as a whole (Payne). This means, a good conclusion has to be justified for recommendations. Again, a conclusion should be short, clarifying and emphasise on the main topic of the writing, or the subject matter.Therefore, this acts as a peckerwood in making the presentation of the rest of the topic to be well remembered through a bracing conclusion (Payne ibid). To embrace more on a good academic essay, references should be made so as to applaud the works of others (A2Z Essay). Cleary ibid (2013 361) defines, Referencing as a standardized manner of acknowledging printed or electronic sources of information and idea that one have used in the essay, in a way that uniquely identifies their source. Furthermore, referencing is an act of clog up acknowledging the works of others in any borrowed fact so as to keep the works of others safe from any plagiarism claims (A2Z). Simply put, referencing is necessary to revoke plagiarism to enable readers to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up and read more fully cited authors argument or research. On another note, reference gives proof that allows the readers or audiences to consult the source in case of confusion or further discussions. Again, references acts as an assessment tool in the sense that it requires one to find reliability of the sources of the text, similarities and differences among the sources and making association between the details (

Aldi Hr

Introduction ALDI is a global food retailer. Since opening its finishset printing business organization in 1913, Aldi has established itself as a reputable retailer operating in away markets including Germany, Australia and the U. S. Aldi has over 7,000 transshipment centers worldwide. What distinguishes Aldi from its competitors is its war-ridden pricing schema without reducing the quality of its products. In fact, in some cases Aldis products ar 30% cheaper than those offered by its competitors. Aldi enkindle do this because the business operates so efficiently. The propagation Case Studies, 2011) ALDI and HR Aldi has a very flat physical compositional organise. In the UK it is cohere into 5 regions (there ar 62 internationally) distributively region operates individually, totally overlap the purchasing function. Each region has 5 departments, and there argon only 3 levels amidst the Store Assistants and the Managing Director of the Region. Organisational Structu re Noticeably, there is no IT, Marketing or HR function in the structure. IT and Marketing argon both outsourced to third parties.IT ar called on as and when needed by whichever department needs them at the clip, whether it be till principal(prenominal)tenance, or maintaining the logistics package package. Marketing is outsourced to a company in Atherstone, and their link in the organisation is the Trading function. HR is stripped back at bottom ALDI, and is headed by 2 HR Managers in the Store Operations Function. All ara managers within ALDI are trained in HR, and get away with all personnel issues, from Recruitment, to proceeding management and Training and tuition.The HR managers in Head Office stringently focus on making sure the field of honor Managers are up to date with new legislation and policies. ALDI adopt a grandfather technique, where, terminal managers beat little to do with HR. It is their job to focus on the stock, and deal with cater rotas and minor issues. This way, store employees report to their field manager for operating(a) issues, and the domain of a function Manager for HR issues. The only HR issue non practised by scene of action Managers is Payroll, which falls into the Finance Function.ALDI is extremely centre on productivity and efficiency, and because of this, the Neston Region in the UK is trialling using a HR Agency (Kinetic), to manage a major amount of its HR function. The confidence takes care of Recruitment, Induction, Payroll, outgrowth, feat Management, and acts as a HR Manager for the internal representation staff within ALDI. ALDI intend to get to a signify where 70% of store staff is done an sanction, with exception to Store Managers, Assistant Managers, Deputies and well(p) Time Staff. This saves money as it takes a lot of responsibility off reach Managers, leaving them with more time to focus on operations.According to Righeimer (Date Un turn inn, p. 4), close organizations view the depar tment of Human Resources (HR) as an administrative function and drop the need and opportunity to align it with its strategical plans. Aligning HR and strategic plans is an important endeavour for every organisation. Studies strongly guard the alignment between strategies, HR, and crop and thus show the potential fictional character HR git play in implementing strategy and seting an organisations competitive advantage. How HR activities support the organisations strategyRecruitment and Selection, Performance Management, and Training and Development are terzetto HR activities that support the organisations strategy. (Hameed, 2011) Recruitment and Selection According to ALDIs strategy (2012), We want every ALDI employee to confuse a rewarding career, with opportunities to grow and develop, whether they crap in our stores, distri thation centres or management aggroups. We expect our good deal to be committed, hard-working and take ownership of their responsibilities. In re turn, we provide salaries that are considerably higher up the rest of the industry. The recruitment and selection activity supports this by ensuring the right people are hired first time. It is vital to find committed, hardworking people, who have a pride in their work and take responsibility for their conquest and mistakes. Productivity, quality and service are three of ALDIs focuses, so HRs ability to attract and select people with the right knowledge, skills and posture is vital. As it is down for the most part to the Area Manager to gather this HR role, it is vital they have the skills to recognise the right sort of employee who would accord in the business.The major disadvantage of using the agencies, as currently macrocosm trialled, is that the agencies do not work in the stores, and are an outsider to the shade and work ethic of ALDI. For that reason, the Area Managers should have complete control, as they know what sort of person they need, how to motivate them, and ex actly what is expected with ALDIs culture. Performance Management We have developed a range of high quality, incorporated training programmes to enable our employees to fulfil their roles successfully.ALDI Managers have a responsibility to develop and motivate employees, rewarding excellent performance and round-the-clock improvement. (ALDI, 2012) A HR activity that is also performed in part by Area Managers is performance management. As Area Managers spend a lot of time in stores, they can see the productivity of staff, who is excelling and who needs a little motivation. The store manager reports performance to them also, so they get a complete picture. The agencies pay off reports from the Store Managers, only if something is not working out.The agencies manage the performance of their employees, but do not really focus on opportunities or continuous improvement, as they do not have the power in store to do so. Likewise, store managers and Area Managers do not focus on the age ncies employees, as technically they are not their own. If this was fully down to the Area Managers again, and Store Managers were given a greater role, staff could be managed better. theme out performers could be recognised better, and future progression would be a benefit.Also, employees would be more engaged and productive with a clear structure and with everyone being part of the same team, no us and them as such. Training We want to attract the best talent and ours are among the highest advertize starting salaries for graduates in the UK and Ireland. Over 85% of our Directors are recruited from within the company, demonstrating the sizeableness we place on training and development and rewarding performance. (ALDI, 2012) The Training and Development aspect of HR is focused highly on, within ALDI. There is uninterrupted training available and succession plans in place for most stores.Deputies are trained to do the Assistant Managers job in case of Sickness, gestation period or Resignation of the latter, and likewise with the Assistant Managers, they are trained to do the Store Managers Role. Store Assistants are encouraged to progress to Deputies based on performance. Training and Development is also evident throughout Head Office. Area Managers are only recruited through Graduate Schemes, and Directors are successful Area Managers. 85% of the Directors were Area Managers, whereas the other 15% are either from international ALDI head offices, or born into it, i. e. the Albrieght family.The obvious disadvantage with the Agency is that they have no say or decision in regards to Training. As its employees are employed by them and not ALDI, they do not have glide slope to the same training and development. How HR Professionals support line managers and their Staff With a 2006 ASTD study finding that 70% of training failure happens after the dress training finishes and a recent CIPD study finding that only 12% of employees feel that line managers take le arning and development very seriously, its a little surprising that more is not being make to gain line manager support in the development process. Peterson, 2006) The role of the line managers has changed over the last twenty old age.There is a widespread twit to give line managers more responsibility for the management of their staff and to centralise the extent to which human resource departments control or restrict line management autonomy in this area (Brewster & amp Larson, 2000). HR professionals no longer have sole responsibility for the management of people, but parcel of land this responsibility with line managers. There is evidence that HR responsibilities are more and more decentralized nd devolved to line managers (Cunningham & Hyman, 1995). In ALDI, Cunningham and Hymans point (1995) that responsibility is shared is correct, if not more centred toward the line manager sort of than a 50/50 split. This is probably due to the amount of time passed since their or iginal comment. It is interesting that what they originally said nearly 20 years ago still applies, giving the impression that the HR function has been under fire for quite some time, yet is still here in a pretty similar form in most companies.The line manager in terms of ALDI would be the Area Manager and the HR Professionals for the Area Manager. With the Agency staff, their line manager for HR would be their external agency manager. HR professionals in ALDI support the line managers by providing updated regulations, policies and visions down, to be implemented further down. The obvious benefit of grade Managers taking a front line role in HR, is that they know the staff better. HR Professionals in Head Office do not work with the store employees and do not know about performance or what motivates each individual.The CIPD states that where employees feel positive about their relationship with their front line managers, moreover, they are more liable(predicate) to have higher l evels of job satisfaction, commitment and devotion which are in turn associated with higher levels of performance or arbitrary behaviour. (CIPD, 2012) As the HR professionals have empowered the Line managers as such, it improves employee engagement. endowment can be spotted, managed and trained, and with the right people in the right jobs, the teams works better together and is more productive.Consistency is an issue that can arise when different Line Managers have different attitudes and ways of working. This is when support from HR is vital as they can provide guidelines and policies that ensure the nub across the company is consistent. With the agency, it does mean that the message HR is sending out, is not necessarily what the agency is doing / preaching. This is another shortfall in the HR process when it comes to agency working. If Area Managers had complete control and there was no agency, accordingly the message would be consistent across the board.Conclusion and Recom mendations It is evident that HR takes a simple yet complex form in ALDI. Although it is missing from the organisational structure, it is serious in part by at least 46 Area Managers. There is a big emphasis on Training and Development throughout the company, and HR activities are being used for succession homework and finding the next generation of ALDI AMs and Directors. The use of the agency seems to be slightly detrimental to ALDIs message, and outsourcing the HR like it is, entrust cause confusion, and splits in the teams.They need to revert to AM as the main HR leader within the Area and only use agencies at times such as Christmas for relief workers etc. As AM know better than any agency, the staff recruited and selected will more than likely be more productive and fit the company better. Also, there whitethorn be an issue with succession planning if their aim of outsourcing most staff jobs out is achieved. It would seem that they would hire the people themselves, after tr ialling them with the agency, so wherefore not just hire directly anyway.The overall finding however, is that HR must remain in the company, and be managed as it once was. Eliminating the HR function more so than now, will cause major problems, and those problems are starting to arise now. If HR wasnt managed at Head Office, hence inconsistent practices would be followed out, creating discomfort within the stores and the ALDI mantra of Team working would be lost.Works Cited ALDI, 2012. CSR Our People. Online Available at http//www. aldi. co. uk/uk/html/company/15435_25201. tm Accessed 06 11 2012. Brewster, C. & Larson, H. , 2000. Human Resource Management in Europe. London Blackwells. CIPD, 2012. Role of Line Managers In HR. Online Available at http//www. cipd. co. uk/hr-resources/factsheets/role-line-managers-hr. aspx Accessed 06 11 2012. Cunningham, I. & Hyman, J. , 1995. Transforming the HRM vision into cosmos The Role of Line Managers. Employee Relations, 17(8), pp. 5- 20. Hameed, T. , 2011. Organisation Strategy and Human Reosurce. Online Available at http//www. rutilities. com/2011/09/organization-strategy-and-human-resource/ Accessed 06 11 2012. Peterson, E. , 2006. Employee Relations. 2nd ed. Chicago Hardwell Press. Righeimer, J. P. , Date Unknown. Aligning Human Resources and strategical Plans, London Maverick Electric. The Times Case Studies, 2011. Aldi Competitive Advantage through Efficiency. Online Available at http//businesscasestudies. co. uk/aldi/competitive-advantage-through-efficiency/introduction. htmlixzz2CEnCsFmq Accessed 06 11 2012.

How Successful Was Lenin’s Attempt to Create an Alternative Modernity in Russia by 1929?

How undefeated was Lenins test to create an alternative contemporaneity in Russia by 1929? Overview The aim of this essay is to treat how self-made Lenins policies were in his attempt to create an alternative modernity in Russia by his death in 1924. By scrutinizing his actions and their individual impacts in relation to the desired modernity, historians can prize whether Lenin achieved the socialist dream he sought for. I ordain go to pieces down the essay into three components from which I can individually pa use of goods and services their masteryfulness as an alternative modernity.These shall be leavened in the introduction. mental hospital The introduction leave alone firstly discuss the crisis of modernity in the inter-war halt in order to put Lenins rise to power and attendant desire for a new union in context. This implys the general semipolitical and social crisis surrounding the propagating theories of nineteenth century thought. I give maintain the non ion of a socialist utopia and state the aims such a company seeks to establish.I will indicate that my concluding thoughts are to be that Lenin undoubtedly created an alternative modernity in Russia how ever it is clear that by the eon of his death he regarded Russia as communist work in feeler and realized that much had to be done in order to commit the preferred modernity envisioned by Marx and Engels. Russia achieved a society which was, in practice, a form of success but ideologicly was less triple-crown at achieving the state it required. Section 1The first section will convey the new means and ways of the Russian government and analyse this to what Lenin wanted for his party at the time and what Lenin had hoped would happen to the government in the end harmonise to Marxist beliefs. I will consider the success of the variation in 1917 and the way in which the government consolidated its power in the years thereafter. In order to do this I will acquire to examine the ways in which Lenin secured emancipation of the working class according to Marx teachings because it is using these beliefs that a utopia hoped to be established.This includes the interpretation that authoritarianism would fix inter-war society in a time of fear and doubt. Other successes to consider include the dictatorship of the proletariat, the support for the Bolshevik Party and communism, uniting the workers of the ground for revolution, the ability to spread communism, and the path to the ultimate stateless society. Section 2 The second section refers to the economic alternative that communism had to offer and assesses the success of the new method in following the socialist tradition.I will note how the new forms of economic control were successful in that it modify Russian economy into a more modern system, however horizontal though the system was undoubtedly communist, there were still capitalist elements that were not characteristic of the alternative modernity that R ussia claimed allegiance to. I will discuss the success of Lenins policies such as War Communism and the unseasoned Economic Policy (NEP), considering how they adhered to the ideology on which they were based and whether they were economically successful or not. Section 3The last section will establish whether society and subtlety was also revolutionized in the endeavor to create a new form of society. Modernism attempts to create culture and indeed, anything that could influence culture was used in order to consolidate and maintain support of communism from the Russian people. The egalitarian option that socialism offers was applied in galore(postnominal) areas of society in the hope that it would create a better, stronger and more national social order. This includes the emancipation of women which is an ideological consideration concerning the communist ideas of equality betwixt the sexes.In this case practical needs were judged more important than ideological needs as rever sal of many reforms concerning women were deemed essential to the regimes survival. Other cultural revolts that must be assessed include the attitude and dealings with the Orthodox Church, the use of arts and popular culture and the rise of propaganda. Conclusion The conclusion will state that Lenin did create of form of modernity that was different from anything politics had ever seen and that he did enjoy variations of success in comparison to the state of tsar ruled Russia, however this success was often limited and short lived.Lenin had to adjust his Marxist beliefs many times in order to make them a feasible option for Russia. Indeed, he did successfully create an alternative modernity but he failed to obtain the socialist utopia which was his ultimate goal as practical want trumped the ideological battle. The quest for an alternative modernity was neer meant to happen in Lenins lifetime, he was merely the instigator for what he hoped would develop into his idea of a perfec t community. In this light, historians must shut down that Lenin was successful in achieving the starting point from which a utopia could emerge.

Case Analysis for Virgin Mobile Essay

VIRGIN MOBILE regular army FIRST PRICE scheme (An analysis of the Pricing Decision alternatives that complete(a) has to undertake to become an swop client segment and monetize their buying power)VIRGIN XTRAS OVERVIEWThe sodding(a) nomadic ground forces service involved matter, features and entertainment, called staring(a) Xtras.Collaboration with MTV lucres as it was the to the grittyest degree recognized jejuneness brands in the country and unparalleled reach forthe under-30 market segment Exclusive, multi category study and marketing agreement. MTV network to deliver music, games and other MTV-, VH1-, and jukebox based content to utter(a) Mobile subscribers. Subscribers would consec step access to MTV- branded accessories and phones, artwork, ring tones, textual matter alerts and utterance mails. Promotional air epoch on MTVs channels and website. Virgin prompt subscribers to vote for their favorite videos on a some MTV shows.Other Virgin Mobile run that a imed to appeal to the youth market, generate supernumerary routine and create loyaltywere Text Messaging Online Real- Time Billing Rescue crowd Wake- Up Call Ring Tones Fun Clips The Hit attend Music courier MoviesTraditional Channel Virgins Channel military work sold at own copyrighted sell outlets, kiosks in Services sold where youth shop specially consumermalls, luxuriously-end electronic stores, speciality stores etc. electronic goods in stores like design, surface-to-air missile Goody music stores, Best Buy.High-touch sales people who were paid luxuriously sales Products packaged in consumer electronics packaging, placedcommission to ensure throws-on service. on a bright red clamshell, which gave it visibility and no salesperson was required.Cost per handset from Nokia, Motorola, Samsung etc. Cost per handset from Kyocera- $60-$100. Lesser subsidy$150-$300. Entailed substantial subsidy from the entailed by the accompany.handset droprs, a component of acquisition embody.Distri exclusivelyors industry avg. Commission- $100/phone Distributors commission- $30/phone.The availability of the phones were non as segment Phones availcapable at 3000 retail outlets in USA, and availabilityspecific as Virgin targeted included at retailers such as Sam Goody, Circuit City, Media Play, Virgin MegastoreBilling is periodical Billing is to be real time and with online avenues PRICING DECISIONS-CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVESThe company tried to distinguish itself from the competitors standpoint by contend on the fact that the targeted segmentdid not trustthe prevalent determine points in the industry that hinged on the credit worthiness .The main practicesprevalent were- 90% of all subscribers had contractual agreements for a period of 1 year-2 years require rigorous credit check objects established sets of split seconds, on extra economic consumption users penalized heavily. Charged less for murder-peak than on-peak twinklings, but the off-peak period h ad shrunk. An additional salary was super hitd to add to the monthly bill, which included taxes, service charges. Per minute Charge (Y-axis, in cents) for the bucket of legal proceeding contracted (X-axis) 180 160 140 one hundred twenty 100 80 Per minute Charge for the bucket of minutes andcontracted (X-axis) 60 40 20 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140The bold line represents the approach per minute charged for a valid contract (which is shown by the arrows). The higher costin the vent of under-utilization of the contract is ascribable to the high obstinate cost (like the subsidization of hand sets,, contractcharges etc.)The higher limit in the vent of exceeding the contract is due to penalizing.PRICING DECISIONS COMPANY PERSPECTIVESVirgin Mobile USA had to fix all these problems prevalent in the industry while taking a harm decision.The mainconstraints it faced was that the prices should be agonistical and profitable without innovationing of competitive reactions.There were 3 options availableOPTION 1- copy the intentness impairments The inwardness would go to clients that they were priced competitively with few advantages like distinguish applications MTV and superior guest service. Better off-peak hours and few hidden fees would be the selling point but the total price structure would passive cipher on off-peak and peak categorization as well as contacted minutes. golden to promote as this strategy of buckets was already prevalent in industry. exclusively risks alienating the target base as they already did not bother the required cut for the credit worthiness. OPTION 2- Price below the rival Similar pricing structure as rest of industry, with actual prices just astir(predicate) below those of competition only within the highest frequency range. Better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees could also be come apartn.OPTION 3- A Whole New intention Entirely antithetical pricing structure. choke contracts and going for prepaid pricing s tructure.However the nature of the Ameri potentiometer cellular market with operator intrust handsets ad prohibitive pricing followed by the competitors due to high toil rates Cost of accomplishment Subsidization of Advertisement Sales handsets . reach thus far analysis and Lifetime Value for cellular subscribers- As already, stated in the current scenario, most mobile companies amass works capital by going for long term contracts. Compared to a US$ 100 acquisition cost for a prepaid connection, the equivalent historic cost of acquisition for a post paid consumer is US $ 370. assuming that we stay with the post paid plan due to industry imperatives, we father that the second-rate calling rate is around 10-30 cents per minute for a average bucket usage of 100-300 minutes (this is the target usage range that Virgin is aiming to target in the second option) Hence, average cost incurred by the company for a node = US$ (0.1 x 300) =US$ 60 (The most promising aspect in the relev ant range) Acquisition cost = handset subsidy given to hand set manufacturers (US$ 60 -100) + advertisement be ( US$60 million budget spread over an estimated 1 million subscribers = US$60)+ sales overheads (US$100-150) = US$ 290-370 per user per month.Now, Breakeven point in terms of month is calculated as- Total fixed cost = US$ 370 (acquisition cost for a post paid customer) = 28.46 months tax revenue shifting cost US$ 57 (avg. revenue per month from a user- ARPU) US$30Hence it takes around 29 months for the customer to prove profitable for the company even in the most promisingscenario of the relevant range. scarcely we leave also sustain to install the churn rate of around 2% per month into this optimistic consideration and try tocalculate the LTV. If the LTV is positive then the company should go ahead. The option that yields the largest LTV shouldbe chosen.LTV = (Ma).r(a-1) Acquisition cost (1+i)a wad slide Here, the margin remains relatively fixed across the peri ods which spate be assumed as a small 12%, r is the retentionrate which comes to around 72% (churn rate of 2% p.m. compound monthly over a year = 1.021.02x..till 12months ), i becoming wear-to doe with rate assumed to be around 5%Margin in a month = (Average monthly phone bill ,=US$52)-(Cash cost per user =US$30) = US$22Now taking this treasure of n we have - LTV = M/(1-r+i)Now calculating the LTV for ein truth option available will give us a marker of how the pricing strategy should be utilize forusing various options considering the fact that the interest rate remains constant at 5%-For option 1-LTV = US$ (22*12)/(1-0.72+0.05) 360= US$ 421For option 2- Here the retention rate erect be assumed to have been bettered by differential gear pricing in the 100-300minutes usage category , so we can assume a modest increase to 80%.But this is more(prenominal) or less offset by the increase incash cost to user whichcan be assumes to rise by 5% if the differential pricing is 5% be low the average industrystandard. So the margin can be assumed to drop to US$19. Here, LTV = US$ (19*12)/(1-0.8+0.05) 360= US$ 489Hence we can see that even with modest assumptions, the LTV is maximized for Option 2, henca the company should threaten into differential pricing if at all it wants to deviate. But considering the high acquisition turnover time andrecovery time of almost 29 months, it is a risky strategy because of very high mobility in the targeted segment.Hence Virgin should focus on non price factors such as - If the contracts are done away with, this will ensure more loyalty of the target segment as the majority of them are not credit worthy.The positioning of Virgin Mobile USA and its collaborations with partners like MTV will attract more customers which are loyal. The cost of acquisition of a customer comprises of advertisement, sales cost and subsidy given. Since these cost are much visit than the other competitors, they can price themselves lower than competi tors. They can also be transparent in their cost structure, eliminating hidden cost .Hence, initially it should give non-price advantage to its customers and over a period of time can quail costs to sustaingrowth and drive off competition virgin mobile demo TranscriptWe Answer To A Higher concern Prepared By Team 4 Pooja Gupta (P122033) Rohit Singh (P122038) Saurabh Singh (P122041) Varun Anand (P122049 Virgin GroupVirgin believes in making a difference. We stand for value for money, quality, innovation, fun and a sense of competitive challenge. We strive to achieve this by empowering our employees to continually deliver an unbeatable customer experience. Virgin Mobile USA Commenced operations in June, 2002 Led by founding CEO Dan Schulman Entered USA as a 50-50 joint venture between Virgin Group and Sprint Corporation. Virgin Mobile USAs service would be hosted on Sprints PCS network Sprint was in process of updating its network and increasing its capacity. View slide Virgin Mob ile USA Schulamn- The nice thing about this model is that we dont have to worry about extensive fixed costs or the physical infrastructure.We can focus on what we do best-understanding and meeting customer needs. We Answer To A Higher name Providing extra-ordinary go and experiences at a low price as $35 View slide Objective Create value and profitability in cellphone service industry channelise market ages 15-29, hazard for growth with this market segment 1 million subscribers by year 1, 3 million by year 4 By concentrate on the youth market from the ground up, were putting ourselves in a position to arrange these customers in a way they have never been served before -Dan Schulman, CEO, Virgin Mobile USA 4Ps of Virgin Mobile USAWhy?Problem with ongoing Telecom Services Low perceptiveness among consumers aged 15-29. Growth rate for this segment was projected to be fat for the next 5 years Target group had been undeserved by existing carriers and specific needs that havent been met Average monthly cell phone bill $52 representing 417 minutes of use. Hence, cost to serve a customer $30 Carriers tended to be wary of acquiring low- value subscribers Target Group and Behavior Consumers aged 15-29 Calling convening is different from typical business person Open to new things Text message Downloading randomness using cell phones More likely to use ringtones, faceplates and graphics Its a fashion accessory and a personal sort statement Mobile Penetration by Age GroupRevenue from Mobile Entertainment ServicesPricing slide in US before Virgin Over 90% of all subscribers had contractual agreements for a period of 1-2 years with their cellular providers Customers would sign up for buckets of minutes If a user utilise more than allocated minutes, they would be charged with extremely high rates (eg 40 cents / minute) If a user used less than allocated minutes, they were still charged the fixed monthly fee, which drove up their price per minute Calling Plans Industry PricesPrice per minute shrink Commitment minutes Calling Plans Industry PricesPrice per spot Contract Commitment Minutes Pricing Trend in US before Virgin Carriers charged less for off-peak than on-peak minutes Off-peak time changed from 600 PM to 700, 800 and then eventually 900 PM Some carriers charged a monthly fee (appox. $7) to move the peak time back to one hour Carriers added additional fees to monthly bill (tax or other additional cost information was not communicated.So a $29 plan ended up being a $35 plan) What Virgin focused on? Customers couldnt predict their usage and ended up choosingwrong plan pattern Customers think they use more minutes than they actually use Target segment actually used 100-300 mins/month but target predicted their usage is higher than that People tried picking up lower bucket plans to avoid high monthly fees but they ended up paid a lot more than that due to usage of minutes supra the bucket On-peak and off-peak minutes wer ent in right mix 4Ps of Virgin Mobile USAWhat?What to provide them? VirginXtras Delivery of content, features and entertainment Signed a exclusive and multiyear, content & marketing agreement with MTV networks to deliver music, games and other MTV, VH1 and Nickelodeon based content to Virgin Mobile Subscribers Deal with MTV also ensured airtime on MTVs channel and web site VirginXtras MTV-branded accessories and phones and contents (ringtones, text alerts and voice mails To vote for their favorite videos on MTVs shows like Total pass along Live Text messaging No. of text msgs tends to skyrocket during enlighten hours. Reason Parents dont see who they call, private form of confabulation VirginXtras Online Real-Time Billing No call detail on monthly bills. Website will record individual calls on a real-time flat coat Rescue ring Mobile subscriber will get a call at prearranged time to escape in case a date was not going well. Wake-up Call Chance to catch fire up to original m essages from a variety of cheeky celebrity VirginXtras Ring Tones Customized ringtones would be available for subscribers to download Fun clips News, tidbits, jokes, gossip, sports and more Hit List Vote top 10 list of hit songs. Would be able to hear the %age of other subscribers who either loved it or despised it VirginXtras Music Messenger Tap into 10 songs list & forward it to a friend allowing them to check out a hot new shroud Movies Movie descriptions, show timings, and buy tickets in advance Handset offshoot 2 basic models named Party Animal and Super Model came with mutual faceplates decorated with eye-catching colors and patterns 4Ps of Virgin Mobile USAHow?Virgins Goal To make sure their prices are competitive To make sure they could make profit Dont want to trigger off competitive reactions Options Clone the Industry Prices Price below arguing Whole New Plan Clone the Industry Prices Use comparable prices as other competitors Communicate-priced competitively with everyone else but with a few key advantages like differentiated applications (MTV) and superior customer service MTV Applications and features pucka Customer service Offering better off-peak hours and fewer hidden fees do on packaging so that even without a salesperson, consumers would get the message Price per minute Contract Commitment MinutesClone the Industry PricesPrice Below the Competition Maintain buckets and volume discounts Set price per minute below the industry average for certain key buckets Target young market 100-300 mins Price per minute Contract Commitment MinutesPrice Below the CompetitionA Whole New Plan Shorten or Eliminate Contracts Contracts guarantee annuity stream Contract allows 18 years or below to purchase the product moil rate was 2%, new plan could increase churn rate to 6% prepaid service 92% US subscribers had Post-paid Pre-paid was used on occasional basis as rates per minute was high and no credit check was required Has high churn rates. family would never be able to recoup its customer acquisition costs New mechanism or infrastructure was required for prepaid services A Whole New Plan Handset subsidies Mobile carriers support the cost of handset to end users to acquire customer cost Eliminate Hidden Fees and off-peak hours what you see is what you get Rolling out hidden costs into pricing such that pricing feels competitive off-peak should benefit the target group. Minute usage is very different from business class Price Below the CompetitionWhat they did? LTV Model Life Time Value In marketing, customer lifetime value (CLV), lifetime customer value (LCV), or user lifetime value (LTV) is a prediction of the net profit attributed to the built-in future relationship with a customer Simplified Model LTV = (M/(1-r+i)) AC Factors influencing LTV ARPU Avg Revenue Per User CCPU Cash Cost per User = 45% of ARPU M Monthly Margin = ARPU CCPU r Retention rate ( 1 (12*6%)) = 0.28 AC Acquisition Cost ( = $120 for Virgin) Sale commission ad per gross add Subsidy cost LTV Calculation LTV = (M/(1-r+i)) AC = M = ARPU CCPU = (1 45)% = 55%M on yearly basis, assuming that a customer talks for 200mins. M = (1-0.45) * 200 * 12 * p p - can be 5 30 cents/min (As competitors are charging more than 30 cents/min LTV Different Price Points LTV(at 5 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.05) /(1-.28 + .05) 120 = -34.28 LTV(at 7 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.07) /(1-.28 + .05) Break-even120 = 0 point LTV(at 10 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.1) /(1-.28 + .05) 120 = 51.42 LTV(at 15 cents)= (1-.45) (200*12*.15) /(1-.28 + .05) 120 = 137.14 At 7 cents, the LTV =0 which tells that minimum of 7 cents should be charged by the virginVirgin can charge any amount more than 7 cents LTV Different Price Points Price Point LTV5 cents / minute -34.287 cents / minute 010 cents / minute 51.4215 cents / minute 137.14 Break-even point Current Plans in Market Company Plan ValueAT&T Starting at $40/monthVirgin Mobile USA $35T-Mobile $34 .99 (Only talk + text) other plans starting at $59.99 Providing a plan with music and other added features Virgins Service Offering Extra features Music, Wallpapers, Videos, Live Video Request, Rescue ring, wake-up call facility New improved billing pattern and online real-time monthly bills Prepaid plan No contracts No hidden charges No peak off peak hours Very low handset subsidies No credit checks No Monthly bills Price 25 cents per minute for the first 10 minutes 10 cents/minute for the rest of the day No exact numbers, but churn rate lower than 6% Conclusion Virgin right on identified service gaps in telecom industry and what customers needed. Virgin attain inflexibility in calling plans and in other plans. Provided extra services than current mobile carriers. Provided a medium of entertainment on go. Offered customized services at a relatively low cost. References HBR case study Virgin Mobile USA Pricing for the Very First Time Wikipedia.com

Becoming a Teacher Essay

Never has it crossed my minds eye to become a teacher. I would choose any other field or locomote except it. In fact, after my high schooling, I was so undetermined of what way to take, of which way to go as if I was in the interbreeding Robert Frost is pertaining to in his poem, The Road Not Taken. I was emphatically certain I neer cherished to be one I would not quiver myself involved with it, not even so in my wildest day-dream But, should I judge fortunately or unfortunately, because my relatives who are educators said I must be like them, and that I should follow their steps. According to them, on that point was no better profession for me other than teaching. Woe to me My life seemed to be driven by my familys beliefs. I had to obey. I had no choice. So I had a plan. I would go against the current, regardless of my kin. They would be the ones to bid for my allowance and miscellaneous fee. I was by then a scholar, a grant my relative also worked out.At first, I was just mean to finish the first semester and then I would shift to another course hardly I never had the chance because they didnt allow me to. I finished the degree with recognition though I never rattling liked it. For me, its better than not having a degree at all. After graduation, I took the examination not because of the excitement to be a professional teacher but because it is the expectation from all the education graduates. I was so blessed to pass it at once. I had my license but I still got no plan to teach. I was working as a cashier in a gasoline station succession my classmates were already teaching as PARA teachers. Whenever they see me, they would always bespeak when I plan to apply for ranking. I would only smile and say Im waiting for the right time. Yet, at the back of my mind, was the dread of handling the obligation. Yes, I fear the responsibility of they say the noblest profession. Ive seen it from my auntie. She was advance inhabitancy late in the after noon. She was lodgeing up late at darkness because of lesson plan and some paper works to be done. I didnt want to experience the same.Those were the reasons why I never wanted the course. But, I was reprimanded. That was the only time I was moved. I decided to process my application. So happy I was, because I topped the ranking and was immediately hire as a regular-permanent by the government, and I was summoned to practice my teaching craftsmanship and skills at Sotero Baluyot Elementary School. Teaching there was never easy for me. I had to travel for a couple of hours to come to school so I get home only during weekends. It was the first time I leftover home for days and to think that it would be for years, I felt even sadder. I did the works at my best though. I have to like it I know. I became friends to the parents and to the pupils and I started to love the job. There, I had a student who was visually impaired. Her classmates used to tease her bardo which is an Ilocano term for duling. Because of that, she became a true loner. She seldom participated in class discussion though Ive seen a satisfying potential in her. I said to myself I had to help her.I trained her to join the quiz bee. She got second place in the district level and became one of the participants in the division level. After that event, she became active in our class. Her classmates started to befriend her. Other teachers begun to notice her and became one of the best in their subjects. Pupils never tease her again. In the graduation day, she was an awardee. After the ceremony she and her begin came and thanked me. I had two more graduations when I decided to apply for transfer to my home base. Luckily, it was granted quickly. When the parents and the students knew that I would be leaving soon they approached me and asked if I could stay for some more years. Though they know that somebody was coming as my replacement, they say they would always prefer me. I was happy for their sincerity. I wanted to stay but my parents want me to be with them too. That night, was the only time I felt I AM A PROFESSIONAL TEACHER.Thoughts came back to my mind. The moments with the parentsThe experiences with the children..happiness..struggles..Somehow I made a difference in them and I know I am a professional. Yes I have become a mother to lonely children, a doctor to those ill, a guidance counsellor to the erring pupils and a very jolly peer but , I am a professional teacher. I shape the lives of the young and impressionable children, initiate values in them. I practice differentiated teaching styles so that students are learning best. I setup and design classroom to get and keep learners attention. I control emotions in most stressful situations. I am accountable to teaching profession, to the pupils, my co-workers and the society. I have never dreamt of this mode but with this responsibility comes great pride and joy because I am a teacher..a professional teacher.

Harry Potter & the Commodity Fetishism

Amalia Rodrigues flick Survey Prompt 1 evoke tinker & the Commodity fetichism There atomic number 18 few things in this humanness that manage to course into every crevice our lives as humans the air we breathe, the people we move with, and in our contemporary culture, the dealing and selling of commodities. The masses allow adopt a give the people what they want attitude that results in the commodification of everything thinkable. rase as a negation of that social purposiveness which is spreading through the market, arts freedom dust essentially bound up with the premise of a commodity providence (Adorno & Horkheimer 1238).There may have been a time when art was an escape from the control of commerce, when people created things motivated by passion and emotion rather than by the prospect of dollar signs no longer does that time exist. In film, the studio apartment system has become a monopoly, and the structure of films, a formula. Though near would argue that there ar e a myriad of genres that give miscellanea to the industry, Adorno and Horkheimer would counter that a menu is still not a choice, and that the monopolisation of the film industry takes away from a world of choices and freedoms.The industry has morphed into a total administration of art, undoubtedly integrating our pleasure in the field of operation with the machinery of global media firms. A textbook example is the franchise of the Harry Potter films, which more than most any series of films, proliferates the sins of hyper commercialism. A commodity is be as whatsoeverthing that has use value, or utility, by satisfying a detail need or desire, created to be exchanged for a profit.It must have some sort of utility, or it will not be in demand(p) by a prospective buyer. So far as it is a value in use, there is nothing mysterious ab come in it, whether we overturn it from the omen of view that by its properties it is capable of satisfying human wants, or from the point that t hose properties are the product of human labor (Marx 1). This could be most anything, world that everything today has a price put on it by society. We are constructed through our relationship with and use of commodities in our everyday lives.As a people, we have become obsessed with the commodities we surround ourselves with, constructing our identities through the material goods that exist us. Commodity fetishism replaces relationships between people with relationships between humans and objects. The belt of the Harry Potter phenomenon occurred in the late nineties and has only flourished since. The write of the series, J. K. Rowling, created a world that nobody had seen before, a world of magic. This world, along with the angelic characters involved, are what our society seamlessly bought into.The masses fell in love with Harry, Ron, and Hermi single, going them vulnerable to the impending commercial goods that the media conglomerates would soon overwhelmingly develop. And, no doubt, the Potter-inspired deal began to flow like lava as the movies were produced one by one, each one more successful than the next. Mindlessly, readers and viewers were sucked in by the new world of witchcraft and wizardry that leaves ceaseless possibilities for immense revenue. To quote Adorno and Horkheimer, The culture ever cheats its consumers of what it perpetually promises.The promissory note which, with its plots and staging, it draws on pleasure is endlessly draw come to the fore the promise, which is actually all the spectacle consists of, is illusory all it actually confirms is that the real point will never be reached, that the diner must be at rest with the menu (Adorno & Horkheimer 1230). When adopting the premise of Harry Potter from words in a book to the big motion-picture screen, the film makers undoubtedly had dollar signs flashing in their pupils.Such a fantastically huge foundation was built and the only watchfulness to move was up. Before Harry cou ld say abracadabra (or something to that effect) stores began to overflow with anything and everything with the name Harry Potter plastered on the side. Hats, mugs, T-shirts, video games, costumes, the signature round glasses, not one item from the series has gone unnoticed by the conglomerates who are so devoted to squeezing every ounce of profit out of poor Harrys wand.Even the earwax jellybeans that Dumbledore so foolishly consumes out of his bag of Bertie Botts Every Flavor Beans are readily operational at your local superstore. There is simply no escaping the pure brilliance that is the Potter revolution. Children are hosting Harry Potter themed birthday parties, adults are tattooing the unlighted mark on their bodies, college students are starting quidditch teams and tournaments, and families are taking way trips to the newly developed Harry Potter World in universal Studios.This latest installment of the Harry Potter craze allows fans to live in the world they see on scre en, drink butter beer, and purchase wands from Olivanders all of this for the low, low price of a hefty wad of hard currency straight into the pockets of the already multi-billion dollar industry. And yet, somehow our society does not intellectual being conned into purchasing such unnecessary yet desirable items, at a time depicting the idea of commodity fetishism. Massive consumerism based on obsessions bony from movies and franchises such as Harry Potter happen day to day, social class to year, generation to generation.It has become so naturalized in our society to buy into our every impulse of consumer products that we cannot help but be blinded by our desires for such vain items. In a way, we, as consumers, are being utilise similarly to the way that house elves like Dobby are exploited in the Harry Potter series. We are born into our exploitation, and in some ways seem to enjoy it, as the elves seem to enjoy their modify work. As a population, we can only hope to be as l ucky as Dobby, to find a sock in an old(a) diary, and be set free from manipulation.

The top greenhouse gas emitter in the world

Taking chinaware and US as examples we carte du jour that 1) China burns more than coal in its cause plants and bewilders more erects in its factories, thus it emits more pollutants into the bearing and dumps more effluents into the water, and in effect the economy moves from point A to B in graphical record 1 . 2) United States has grown richer in recent decades. thusly existence sufficiently rich, it can buckle under o deals move in constricting pollution, thereby reducing the environmental damage.In US, the cars have catalytic converters that squinch obscure and the government has imposed a limit on the dismission of pollutants from the plants. Thus the economy of US is moving from C to D in graph 1. As a countries per capita income rise, the initial effect is environmental damage still when a country becomes sufficiently rich, it can afford to take steps to cherish the environment. (Grumman & Obsolete, 2009) What does this have to do with International Trade? T rade liberalizing is often supported on the grounds that it allow be promoting economic crop.Economic growing as a result will increase the per capita income which may pack to environmental damage initially but later, the country may take steps to improve the environmental quality. However, the rise in per capita income, improving or worsening the environmental quality can be well silent by observing which side of the environmental Sunsets curve the economy will lay. However the environmental Sunsets curve does not imply that globalization is good for the environment. It fairly gives an idea that a world level globalization has indeed harmed the environment, so far.INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TO COMBAT GREENHOUSE EFFECT AND COMATE CHANGE To struggle greenhouse effect and modality change, many conferences and treaties have been conducted between various(a) nations of the world. Some of these are The Earth Summit/ROI Summit/ ROI Conference- This is also know as The United Nati ons Conference on Environment and Development which was held in ROI De Jeanine from June 3 to June 14,1992. Many issues relating to environmental protection was stolon discussed here wherein 178 governments and 2400 representatives of non- governmental organizations participated.It resulted in the following documents ROI Declaration on Environment and people docket form on Biological Diversity Forest Principles Framework Convention on Climate Change In 2012, it is again held in ROI from June twentieth to 2nd, commonly called ROI+20 or ROI Summit 2012. The Kyoto Protocol- This is an agreement made on a lower floor the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Nations that ratify this communications protocol entrust to reduce their rises of speed of light dioxide and five other greenhouse boastes. It consists of more than 160 countries globally.China has been the biggest single beneficiary of globalization, whose export led economy has experience enormous increas e since 1980. Meanwhile the single biggest environmental issue has been climate change. Before the government of China introduced several economic growth reforms in 1979, the average annual real GAP growth rate estimated by the Congressional Research Service stood at 5. 3%, from 1960-1978. An 2010, the annual growth rate was estimated at 10. 4%. China faced a eat up incline and decline in its GAP growth rate delinquent to global recession in 2008, which stood at 9. % drop compared to 14. % during 2012 (Agency). Due to the geomorphological reforms, Chinas economy is set to grow 7. 6 percent in 2013, licking the governments 7. 5 percent target. (Angina, 2012). Due to such economic growth, it is clearly seen that China alone is a major emitter of greenhouse gases, which is raising the earths average temperature. Chinas flesh taboo is fast associated with a huge increase in its emission of snow dioxide. On the other hand, United States has already faced a accompaniment of univ erse the largest emitter of greenhouse gas in 2007.From 1980 to 2012 United States ranks three out of 187 countries in Human Development Index that rosiness by 0. 4% annually (from 0. 843 to 0. 937 till date. ). Thus, United States has become sufficiently rich such that now the realization of taking steps to protect the environment dawns on them. The five environmental policies that President Obama has put in place to protect US environment and promote clan energy are (Price, 2008) Creating the first-ever touchstone to limit greenhouse gases from new fossil-fuel-fired power plants, a source of vitamin C pollution.Establishing the first fuel efficiency standards for heavy-duty trucks, preventing 270 million metric lots of roundhouse gases from polluting the air. Putting into place the first-ever national standard for mercury and toxic air pollution from power plans, preventing up to 130,000 cases of asthma symptoms every year. Approving the nations first offshore wind farm, that will generate clean electricity and power to 200,000 homes. Approving renewable energy projects, including 16 utility scale solar projects which are first ever on public lands.However as age went by, and China began to develop at a rapid pace, the carbon dioxide emission began to rise, being almost equal to United States in 2006( 5817 million tones of CA) and expiration it in 2007(6194 million tones). In 2006, United States greenhouse gas emissions reduced from 5992 million tones to 591 5 million tones. However, the US carbon dioxide emission rose by 1. 6% in 2007 following the bursting of the housing bubble in the mid 2007 when US entered a severe recession. This clearly shows how pollution is closely related to economic success.From 2008 onwards, the carbon dioxide level emitted by United States begins to reduce and in 2009, President Obama sets a target to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the range of 17% below the 2005 levels. This is clearly understood by Sunsets explanati on As a country gets sufficiently rich, it can afford to take action to protect the environment. However, China is still in the dot of progression of being sufficiently rich, in comparison to its population (satisfying the ineluctably of its entire people).Thus China continues to emit a high level of carbon dioxide in 2009, about 7205 million tones while Unite States is seen to reduce is emission to around 5427 million tones. Currently, China emits 48 % more CA than the the States and is responsible for a quarter of the worlds emission. CONCLUSION China ranks as the nip greenhouse gas emitter in the world while United States is in the second position. However China is responsible for a quarter of the worlds emission.The main problem here is not globalization but Chinas economic success, which has to about extent come as a result of globalization. The foreign trade in due to globalization makes producers have an access to larger, international markets. This access sum that the economy benefits from international division of labor. Not only this, Domestic producers produce more efficiently due to their international factorization and the pressure approach from foreign companies. Thus consumers enjoy a wider variety of domestic and merchandise goods at lower prices.Empirical evidence suggests that globalization has significantly boosted economic growth in East Asian economies such as China. This economic growth, has carry out the line affected the environment adversely. Despite Environmental concerns, its difficult to get by that Chinas growth, which has raised a millions of people out of dire poverty, is a badness thing. However, emission of carbon dioxide affects the future climate for all entries, thus being an international negative externally it is an important subject of international negotiation.

Jury of her peers Essay

later on the first reading1. What do the women think happened at the farm?The women thought Mrs. Wright might have murdered her own husband.After the second reading2. What is the climax of the tommyrot (When in the story does the account take a turn)?The storys climax is when there atomic number 18 more evidences compiled at the end (the dead bird, broken cage, abuse, marital oppression) this turns the story to Minnie Foster as a dupe and not as a criminal.3. How well does this story fit the model of the stages of narrative?The story shows each the stages of narrative in correct order (intro, rising action, climax, falling action) omit that the conclusion is left for the readers to think.4. What other things do you notice?The women were not allowed to be jurors but in this story, they outsmarted their husbands/men in collecting evidences that would point to who the victim and who the murderer was. The strongest evidences would be the abuse and loneliness experienced by Mrs. Wri ght and the jeering of how the bird and Mr. Wright were killed in the same way.5. What questions do you still have? entrust the women tell their husbands/men what they saw? Will the women stand up at the trial for the evidences?

A Modern America: Industrialized Immigrants Realizing The American Dream Essay

The the Statesn Dream is a phrase or concept that gets thrown around a lot here in America, and if ten unlike people were asked what it meant, you would probably get ten different answers. It is gener tout ensembley nattern as the detail that anyone can get anything if one whole shebang hard enough. In his book the Epic of America which was written in 1931, James Truslow Adams defines the American Dream as that dream of a agriculture in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for individually according to ability or achievement.It is non a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social lay out in which each man and each woman shall be adapted to attain to the fullest stature of which they atomic number 18 innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position. I see the American Dream as one of the reasons why Americans should get on their kne es every day and thank God for this country (along with baseball and orchard apple tree pie). To me, the American Dream is the fact that anyone, no matter the social or financial stature, can obtain anything he wants if he gives the required effort.In The Newsies, the main characters are Francis Sullivan (a.k.a. seafarer Kelly) and his unlikely friend David. Jacks beat is a convict and his mother is dead, but he tells others that they are out West looking for a ranch and are personnel casualty to send for him when they find one. Although he knows that this is non true, he still dreams of communicable a train out West to Santa Fe. Railroads are vital to the fruition of Jacks dream, as it is his transportation out West. Jack believes in the equal opportunity safes that make our nation great.David is a member of a struggling, but loving family and he has a valuable education. He is bleeds as a Newsie while his Dad is out of work. Davids father had an accident at a factory and b ecame useless to his employer, thus he was fired. The factories of the time provided virtually no opportunity for advancement due to the fact that everyone generally does the same thing over and over, which is why the factory was so quick to fire Mayer. Since he had no workers union to protect him, he was forced to live with only the income David and his younger brother Les could bring in. Davids mindset that you can achieve anything you work towards if you believe in and do it with passion directly correlates with the American dream.In the 1900s, catchy headlines were essential to interchange newspapers especially headlines with words like maniac, corpse, love nest, or nude in the title. During this time when a trolley strike was in full effect, beloved headlines were hard to come by, so the newsies decided to improve the truth a little by exaggerating un fire headlines and making them seem like interesting stories. The newsies bought the papes that they sold and got to keep the profit from what they sold, so a 10-cent price attach was almost crippling. Because the was not a Newsies Workers Union, it was imperative for all of the newsies to come unitedly if there was going to be an effective strike.The owner of The World, Mr. Pulitzer, exemplifies the misaddress businessmen of the time. He was a man that judged his quality of life by the size of his wallet. It came quite easy to him to up the paper price to the diffusion apparatus 10 cents. He also uses his bills and political agent to influence those around him. He influences the mayor to stop the strike by baiting him with a conversation about the upcoming election with a few others as wealthy as himself. Pulitzer also tries to bribe Jack with everything hes been dreaming of money, freedom, and a trip out West. He knew that if he cut of the strike at the head, the rest would follow.In America during this time, both immigrants and children were treated sufferingly. This is demonstrated in the movie when the police violently stop the convention using their force. Children along with immigrants were often given poor working conditions. Also, a shot was seen of men being beaten because they would not join the trolley strike. Obviously at this time land and money were more valuable during this time of industrialization than human life.At the refinement of the movie, Jacks dream is realized, but not in the turn of Santa Fe. All of his effort is rewarded when (with a little help from others) the prices are brought bear out down. He realized that just because you dont have family doesnt mean no one cares about you. Moreover, in the American merrily ever after style, he falls in love with Davids sister Sarah (as if a kiss is any sign of true love, right Ms. K?). Davids dream of winning as the underdog is also realized, and all of his hard work is rewarded.Without suffering through these growing pains, America would not be what it is today. Jack and Davids dream that anyone can be anything if they work hard enough and believe in it has almost hold up a right as an American. Though greed is still evident and louse up politicians are as prevalent as ever, it is not a denounce of our society anymore, and for that I am thankful. In conclusion, it was the immigrants that came to America so they could run short something that gave the nation a big part of its character today. Their sacrifices have become our blessings.

Business Structures Essay

If person wants to moolah a fear, that person would tolerate to decide which structure he or she would want to use. To know what kind of structure he or she has to know what kind of blood he or she is trying to pelt along and who will feed in it with him or her. Structures range from sole proprietorships and confederations to plentys. When companies first start up, they see sole proprietorships or collaborationistships, but as they grow into bigger companies, they become corporations. When someone first opens a handicraft it may practiced be him or her, those companies consider sole proprietorships, meaning a business owned by one person. There are several returnss when course a sole proprietorship. First is it is the simplest type of business to start and run and also it is not regulated as much. Also, sole proprietorships pay cut back income taxes compared to other business structures. Last, when a fellowship is a sole proprietorship, decision-making ministration on the owners shoulders but the owner keeps all simoleons (Films Media Group, 2011). Even though there are some very sizeable advantages owning a sole proprietorship, there are also some disadvantages.The biggest advantage is also the biggest disadvantage, the bills, debts, and major obligations. If the owner does not pay the bills, the company cannot run. some other big disadvantage is the capital the business has. If the owner does not have some other capital invested into the company, the company will not grow. The know disadvantage is running the company when the owner leaves or dies. Because there is no one else with stock, the owner has to let the company go (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012). The next business structure is a partnership, which consist of two or much owners that de jure run the business together. With a partnership, the owners know what his or her position in the company is and how the profits would be split. There are two distinct partnerships a general partnership and a peculiar(a) partnership. The general partnership has the same advantages as a sole proprietorship, but has one more disadvantage. All owners have unlimited liability regardless ofthe percentage in the company (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012).To avoid the big issue with a general partner, the partner would sign into a limited partnership. In a limited partnership, the company can have general and limited partners. One or more general partner has unlimited liability while limited partners solitary(prenominal) deal with the obligations he or she provides. To qualify as a limited partner, he or she cannot engage in the managing of the business (Parrino, Kidwell, & Bates, 2012). The last business structure is the biggest and the last to get to. Large companies consider themselves to be corporations. Corporations consider themselves as a person, where the corporation can sue and also be sued, borrow money, and own assets like real estate. An advantage of a corporati on is that the stockholders have a limited liability for all of the corporations obligations. Because the corporation is a person, the corporation is taxed as a person on the income it earns (Films Media Group, 2011).ReferencesFilms Media Group (2011). Planning Your Business Research, goals, and business plans Video podcast. Retrieved from https//newclassroom3.phoenix.edu/Classroom/ToolContainer.jsp?context=co&contextId=OSIRIS40817068&activityId=16e92012-daa3-4692-89b0-622c50a227b6&profileId=4136b5d5-519c-4e35-a63a-f84741e11cd2&syllabusId=OSIRIS40817068&version= Parrino, R., Kidwell, D. S., & Bates, T. W. (2012). Fundamentals of Corporate Finance (2nd ed.). Danvers, MA John Wiley & Sons, Inc..

I had only come to America to make a small fortune – Creative Writing

To sidereal day was not a good day for me. Not many days are. It started out a warm day. The sunniness was shining and people where retrieveting on with their lives, drive-bys, robbing banks and the normal nine to five-spot crafts that where available. I dont live in a particularly nice place, Harlem, just at the moment I could only concede to live there. I walked out of my small one bedroom, cramped flat onto the managery roadway and was on the way to the bus stop to get to work when deuce people came out of nowhere and attacked me. They stole my wallet and ran away.After to the highest degree five minutes I limped up off the floor and keep my journey to work. After that it was a slow and painful walk just I eventually reached the bus stop. The bus arrived and I got on. I had to contend my way to the back and had to stand up at the back of the bus because there wasnt a free seat available. I glanced down at my watch and realised that I was already five minutes modern f or work. I had to try so hard to find a job and I didnt want to loose this one and go back to living on the streets.Most people didnt want to hire a murky person to even clean the dishes at a restaurant. There was constantly the option of cleaning the streets plainly I had only come to the States to make a small fortune then I would take for gone back piazza. But now I realise that manners doesnt always turn out as you expected to. I worked in a small cafi. I didnt make much there but I could live off it. I got off the bus in a rush and ran down the street as fast as my legs could carry me, ignoring the pain I was still in.The cafi I worked in was both blocks away from the bus stop so I was still kinda far away from it. I finally reached it. It was a small whiteness building, which, was really in need of a clean and a cay job. I ran in the back door and started to get changed. My boss was rest at the door and he looked quite angry. I slowly walked up to him and apologised for being late. every(prenominal) I could think about was what he was button to say to me. He had been the only person to give me a expectation to work.I tried to apologise to him but he just told me to get my stuff and go home. I decided to walk back home. All I could think about was how back home in the first light you would wake up to the sound of the waves hitting the rocks and the smell of the salt from the sea. I thought about how friendly the people where there and missed the informality of life. I thought about the sun setting on the shore and listening to the sea slop around calmly over the sumptuous and silver sand.How at night you can smell the fresh sea air intertwined with the smells of the foods that people had prepared earlier for themselves , carried with the smell of the pure spliff that you got there, not the chemical stuff that you get in Harlem , thats sold on the street corners by the dealers. Then I thought about my home there. I wasnt much but to me i t was more than I have in Harlem. It was a little wooden hut. I continued to comfort myself as I solemnly walked back to my apartment. As I walked across a road a man stuck out his leg and tripped me over.I axiom the man walk off and cars swerved around me trying not to rate me over. I quickly got up and started to run home. I tried to stave off anyone I could see so that my journey back would be quicker. I knew that I was quite close to my apartment so I zip even more. I finally arrived and as I walked up the stairs people where staring at me. I got inside and felt so depressed. It was the type of feeling when your goalkeeper gets sent off in the eighteenth minute of the champions league final. Now all I want to do is go back to Jamaica and see my family but I cant afford it so all I have left is my memories of the past.